Acute intestinal infections (AI)- a large group of infectious diseases that are caused by a variety of microorganisms. They are united by a similar nature of manifestations in the form of disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and signs of intoxication.
How do you get intestinal infections?
The source of infection is sick people, carriers of the pathogen and animals. The infection is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. The reasons include eating contaminated food; contact with a patient with acute intestinal infections, bacteria carriers or patients suffering from intestinal dysfunction.
Characteristic lesions of organs and body systems during intestinal infections.
Damage to the gastrointestinal tract.
Gastritis - inflammation of the gastric mucosa (pain and discomfort in the epigastric region, nausea, vomiting, belching, heartburn). Enteritis is damage to the small intestine (severe abdominal pain, bloating and rumbling of the intestines, copious watery stools without significant admixture of mucus and blood).
Colitis - damage to the large intestine (cramping pain in the abdomen, mainly localized in the left iliac region, false urge to defecate; spasmodic sigmoid colon, painful when palpated; frequent, liquid stools mixed with mucus and blood).
In most cases of ACI, there is often a combination of gastritis, enteritis, and colitis.
Other manifestations of intestinal infections
Intoxication is mandatory for all acute intestinal infections; it is characterized by increased body temperature, headache, and vomiting.
Dehydration is a lack of fluid in the tissues of the body (dry skin and mucous membranes, thirst, hemodynamic disorders, etc.), up to the development of shock, which can occur in severe forms.
Enlarged liver and spleen, exhaustion, anemia, hypovitaminosis, etc. are often observed. The rash is most typical for staphylococcal infection, yersiniosis and enterovirus infection.
The most frequently developing intestinal infections: dysentery, yersineosis, foodborne illness, salmonellosis, rotavirus infection, enterovirus infection, escherichiosis, cholera, viral intestinal infections.
.
